May 05, 2005Hidden in Plain SightTom Friedman had one of his culture analysis pieces in the Times yesterday, relating the thoughts of a friend of his resident in Cairo about Arab terrorism as
If this explains terrorism, does it also explain Darfur? Friedman doesn't mention Darfur in this column. By contrast, his fellow Times columnist Nick Kristof writes frequently about Darfur without mentioning any Arab country or government other than Sudan's. This is a remarkable coincidence, at least to an admitted layman to whom one slaughter looks much like another. Arabs in Darfur seem to use rape as a weapon more often than Arabs from Saudi Arabia or Ramadi, and explosives not as often. But these look like details to me, a case of different people relying on different chapters of The Savage's Handbook. I know all the likely rebuttals to this deliberately brutal and inflammatory language. None of them explain the Arab genocide in Darfur; the silence of other Arabs about Arab genocide in Darfur; or the Western media's silence about Arabs' silence about Arab genocide in Darfur. Friedman, for example, seems oblivious to the subject. Kristof, who is not, follows the conventional practice of American journalists witnessing something awful. This is to demand that the American government do something about it. Well, this is fine. We'd all like Washington to put out this particular fire before it burns itself out, and I don't really object to any of the specific steps Kristof recommends in this case. As a practical matter, though, this habitual treatment of every actual or potential disaster around the world as primarily an American problem is a good way to ensure that actual disasters get worse and potential disasters turn into real ones. We all saw in the last decade how many people in the former Yugoslavia had to die while European powers fiddled around waiting for the Americans. Europe had the means to stop the fighting sooner, but not the will. At least European countries provided relief to the surviving victims of warfare and ethnic cleansing, and eventually sent large numbers of peacekeepers to Bosnia and Kosovo once it was clear the risk of actual combat was low. Also, European media covered the Balkan wars extensively from beginning to end. At the end of it all European governments had the grace to show some sense of guilt and remorse about the whole sorry business. The Arab world isn't even doing that about Darfur. No peacekeepers, no aid, no media coverage, and for damn sure no guilt. Does Tom Friedman during all his earnest chin-stroking about the problem of terrorism and Arab culture pause to consider that this might be related somehow? Saudi imams get young men inspired to blow themselves up in the middle of Iraqi crowds, but we sure don't hear too many reports of young Saudi men risking death to stand between Muslim villagers in Darfur and the janjaweed. What about Nick Kristof, who has access to the same maps of Africa that the rest of us do? Does he wonder that the largest Arab country, directly north of Sudan with a large army and an air force hundreds of planes strong, has never made a move toward establishing, say, a no-fly zone over any part of Darfur? Demanded UN sanctions against Sudan, or imposed any of its own? To be honest, I doubt the idea has even crossed his mind. You don't need to be a master geo-strategist or have a doctorate in comparative anthropology to figure out that a culture and religion indifferent or worse to murder on a large scale is going to be a problem for the civilized countries. Egyptian, Saudi, and other Arab Muslims who object to this characterization of them have it within their power to prove me wrong, or not, by what they finally do about Darfur. Journalists like Friedman and Kristof can make their contribution by writing about it, even if it does mean they have to pick up a few checks the next time they're in Cairo. Comments
Great Post. I have been waiting, waiting, and actually, I don't think the Euros had the means in the Balkans, which is why they eventually went to the Americans for help. btw, have you been reading the Egyptian newspapers again? Posted by: praktike at May 6, 2005 03:33 AM | Permalink to this commentCompare the Darfur situation with that of Xugoslavia. It wasn't the blue-eyed blonde muslims who started serbing christian women, it was the other way around. You want to maybe talk about cultures and religions indifferent to murder on a large scale? We have plenty of examples with white christians. It took us years for the media to actually start reporting the official rapes etc. Then we dicked around with arms embargoes etc, which mainly served to keep the sides disarmed that didn't already have the armories. We sent in the UN to do various ineffective things. Finally after a very long time we started to do something more-or-less effective, after a whole lot of ethnic cleansing had already been accomplished. Now we're maintaining an unsteady cease-fire. And we had a whole lot of money to put into it. Plus a lot of hi-tech weapons. A poorer nation that wanted to stop the Sudan air force would more effectively bomb out the sudanese airfields than "establish a no-fly zone". Of course that's an unequivocal act of war. Sensible nations are cautious about starting wars they don't have a plausible path toward stopping. It isn't clear that the USA ought to be acting like a superpower, given our rapidly-declining strength. I sure don't want to urge that egypt try to act like a superpower. One of the things our iraq experience ought to show us is that we can be the best in the world at destroying hi-tech armies and still not be very good at controlling inland civilian populations without genociding them. Consider the advantages that eventually let us subdue the serbs -- how many of those would work for us in darfur? And you want a country that can't take on israel to go in there and stop the violence? J Thomas, It's a difference of degree. Human rights violations do occur outside of the Islamic world, but all of the very worst human-rights-violating regimes in the world are Islamic. (One exception: North Korea.) The Euro-American response to Yugoslavia was too little, too late, but at least it was talked about, and we did finally do something. No one ever denied that help was needed, or tried to just ignore it. This compares favorably to the current Islamist response to Darfur, where no one is even pretending to lift a finger about it, and it is not even discussed as a problem. It may be true that Egypt is not able to enforce a no-fly zone in Sudan. Why, then, don't they ask for help? France has a good air force, and also a historic interest in Sudan. Or for that matter the air forces of Egypt, KSA, and Libya could pool their resources to do it, and by so doing would show their people that they are capable of cooperating for the greater good. The only possible explanation for the total lack of action or even rhetoric regarding Darfur in the Islamic world is that they truly don't give a shit. We now know, based on observation, that Muslims are perfectly willing to tolerate genocide right next door, as long as the killers are Muslims. It is instructive to compare this situation to the Israeli/Palestinian conflict . . . . Posted by: Joel at May 6, 2005 01:56 PM | Permalink to this commentJ. Thomas, You are right that there are many issues to consider surrounding the who, what and when. There should not be any issues surrounding the why. Posted by: Charles at May 6, 2005 03:30 PM | Permalink to this commentJust because there is a humanitarian component to our intervention in Iraq doesn't mean that we have become the champions of the oppressed around the world. Even our intervention in Kosovo/Bosnia had a national interest component; which was to avert a refugee crisis that would have taxed the economies of neighboring NATO countries. To his credit Bush has done more than other leaders to alert the world to this latest crisis. Perhaps our hand is stayed because, politically, we can only afford to invade one Arab country at a time. Posted by: Chuck at May 6, 2005 06:17 PM | Permalink to this commentQuery -- what are non-arab African nations doing/saying about this? Is it the same nothing? What does that say? (This is not to challenge your post. JEB; you are on an unusually good roll. The only problem that poses is frequently all you can think of to do as a time-challenged commenter is nod your head up and down, or think "I disagree but it's hard to argue with this.") Posted by: Appalled Moderate at May 6, 2005 07:13 PM | Permalink to this commentGreat Post! Why isn't it fair to expect to see some of this "compasionate Islam" in action in Darfur ( or anywhere else for that matter ) Do we have to continue to call Islam the "Religion of Peace" while ignoring the complete opposite evidence Posted by: Pogue Mahone at May 6, 2005 07:33 PM | Permalink to this commentAppalled Moderate asked: "Query -- what are non-arab African nations doing/saying about this? Is it the same nothing? What does that say?" Sudan is a member of the orginization of Islamic states - officially, it's the Organization of the Islamic Conference: http://www.oic-oci.org/ One would think that a genocide in their midst would concern them . . . . But your question is valid. However, African nations almost never criticize eachother over substantial issues. Indeed, South Africa and Zimbabwe have actually drawn closer in the past two or three years while Zimbabwe has dissolved into chaos and injustice. Congo remains a hell-hole but has (comparatively) good relations with its neighbors. I suppose the reason is that most African nations are too poor and disorganized to aggressively harm eachother, or help eachother, so they tend not to think much about their neighbors. This is in contrast to the Arab world, where war and aggression are routine. Posted by: Joel at May 6, 2005 08:39 PM | Permalink to this commentGood post. Thanks. One other component not covered: oil. Posted by: Chrees at May 6, 2005 11:36 PM | Permalink to this commentThis isn't just a good post, or an excellent post -- it's a positively brilliant post. I thank you for taking the time to write this. I don't think you can imagine how many others have these same feelings you've expressed. By coming out and formulating them in the way that you do, you afford us all a construct that not only allows all our feelings on this issue, but creatively enables them to expand into a deep perception of what is really going on. It's sad that even in the best newspapers we can't come across this level of synthesis. The level immediately below it, yes, we get, as you point out. But nobody makes the final connection, nobody goes that one level up on this issue that you do to arrive at the obvious. I found you when Richard who does The Peking Duck blog sent me your equally brilliant entry on Taiwan and China, which exactly mirrored, and I feel improved upon, an article I myself published the previous month over on this side of the world in the South China Morning Post and which Richard posted on his site (http://pekingduck.org/archives/002282.php). I feel it's amazing you can see so keenly from so far away what so few, even over here in Asia, can. I'll be one of your readers from now on. Thank you for your wonderful site. It's so exciting to discover there's some place like this to go to on the web. Sincerely, Bill in Taiwan Posted by: William R. Stimson at May 7, 2005 02:24 AM | Permalink to this commentPrior to 1956 (or 57), the Sudan was the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a joint colonial operation. If they wished to stop the killing in the Sudan, the Eyptians ought to be able to do it quickly. They do have a large army and air force. But they don't have an interest in this sort of caring venture. Posted by: Peter Rice at May 7, 2005 01:47 PM | Permalink to this commentFacts Bingo - not good for a weak minority next door. Posted by: ice eater at May 7, 2005 02:31 PM | Permalink to this commentAnyone who believes the US is "rapidly declining" as a superpower, either in absolute or relative terms, loses all credibility concerning their analyses. Anyways, the issue with Egypt and the other Arab states is not capability. It's intent. Let's say, just for a moment, that the Arab League would vote to censure Sudan and place sanctions, then follow this with a call to the Europeans and Americans to help them craft a no-fly zone, etc. If they cared about the slaughter in Darfur, they would. What are their actions? Supporting Sudan for the Human Rights Commission, for one. Posted by: George Purcell at May 7, 2005 03:05 PM | Permalink to this commentThank you for saying what needed to be said. It needs to be said over and over again. While I agree with the analysis of the author (cool, informative blog by the way), I consider all this to be secondary to the main point of all, one enforced even more tragically by the revelations of the past week. Despite his talk of supporting freedom (and he's done well, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Georgia, Ukraine, etc), Pres. Bush's White House killed the Darfur Accountability Act in the House this week (HR 1424) and has aligned our intelligence agencies into a close operating partnership with the Sudanese intelligence services. Please take note that some of the leaders of those services, sitting across from CIA counterparts, are architects of the genocide, like Sudan's intelligence chief Salan Abdallah Gosh. Yet America has aligned itself with them. I don't expect the Egyptians, Iranians, Europeans (by and large), Chinese and Africans (except the Rwandans) to give a damn. Their past actions have shown they have little regard for anything not related to them in profit or geopoliticial advantage. They are not the greatest nation on the Earth, the most powerful nation on Earth, and heaven forbid if they ever are. In fact, on most accounts, they're downright insufferable. They'll support tyrants and allow genocide with nary a second thought. America is different. Very different. A pedigree of opposing tyranny (like that of the Sudanese regime) that is second to none. Abilities second to none. One US Navy missile guided destroyer could fire enough Tomahawk missiles to wipe out the Janjaweed militia camps that are rife with jihadist murderers raping, torturing and slaughtering innocent Darfur inhabitants. One US submarine could effectively shut down all oil traffic in Port Sudan, cutting off all the oil shipments that the regime counts on for money. And yet we stand silent, our White House killing Congress's (Sens. Brownback (R-KS) and Corzine (D-NJ) bipartisan legislation that demanded the world and the US do something about it. Our intelligence services working together with the men waging genocide. Our diplomats lowballing casualty figures in order to reduce embarassment and outrage. Our conservatives (and liberals) mostly silent, focusing not on a genocide committed by the same jihadist murderers that slaughter Americans, Israelis, Brits, Russians, Indians, Nigerians, Turks, Iraqis and many many more around the world. You mention it once in a while (and make some valid points). Glenn Reynolds mentions Darfur once or twice a week (must be a conscience thing). Daily Kos mentions it when he can bash George Bush about it. Countless more avoid it like the plague unless its passing reference to Islamic murderers. At our peril. You have the power to raise tremendous awareness about this, but choose not to. Our "selective" war on terror where we align with certain Arab tyrants and ignore their crimes while we rush after others is a disaster in the making. We win in Iraq today, while jihad triumphs in Chechnya, Sudan, Nigeria and other places on the edge of our attention. Al-Queda might be weakened, but jihad is expanding, proliferating and strengthening every day, while we dawdle. Posted by: Eddie Beaver at May 7, 2005 04:17 PM | Permalink to this commentSuperb analysis. Thanks. Eddie, I'm uncertain of your specific allegations concering the Administration and the US's relationship with the Sudanese intelligence service and, franky, I hope you are wrong. However, complaining about us waging a "selective" war on terror, certain alliances and dawdling while jihad spreads is naive. We have limited stomach for this fight (or have you forgotten that nearly 50% of the electorate would just as soon not fight this war?), few allies and a military stretched to capacity. I think Bush is doing just about everything he can within existing political and material constraints. We are essentially in this thing alone, and even at that not all of us here are with the program by any means. To be sure, there will be a reckoning - but it won't weigh against Bush. It will tax us more than most can imagine, but utltimately we will win and we will destroy the enemy. In the meantime we fight on the offense, as limited as it may be. Posted by: Tim at May 7, 2005 05:28 PM | Permalink to this commentThe arabs in Sudan have been enslaving blacks for about thirteen centuries. What most people forget is that black slavery was reintroduced into the West when the Portuguese took the African slave trade away from the Arabs. (China Gorden was in the Sudan supressing the slave trade prior to his death at Khartoum in 1882 for those you who remember the Charlston Heston movie.) You could still buy black slaves in Saudi Arabia as late 1980. It was sort of like Dog Fighting in Oklahoma, illegal unless you knew who to ask. People usually blame Sir Richard Burton for the racist overtones of his translation of the Arabian Nights but it was already there in Arab culture. Arabs don't care if Arabs kill black Africans. It's tradition. Posted by: R at May 7, 2005 05:49 PM | Permalink to this commentHey ice eater- The citizens of Darfur are MUSLIM, making this all the more appalling. Most Arabs are RACIST through and through (or at least the official regimes are) Posted by: rob at May 7, 2005 05:58 PM | Permalink to this commentTim, CIA Now Has A Close Relationship With Sudan's Intelligence Services http://www.latimes.com/news/nationw...-home-headlines Sudan's intelligence chief has also talked about this in a recent interview. White House Lobbies For Darfur Accountability Act (HR 1424 in the House) To Be Killed http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww...&articleId=9622 It did not make it out of the House committee reviewing it as part of the 82 billion dollar war legislation for Iraq/Afghanistan/Tsunami relief. It passed the Senate after being co-sponsored by my favorite Senator (Sen. Brownback- KS (R) and Sen. Corzine (the rich liberal from NJ) Along with Zoellick intentionally lowballing the casualty figure and then backing it up with a disgraceful, dishonest report from the State Dept. that flies in the face of fact, all of this represents the Bush administration turning its back on Darfur for whatever reason it has. Please note that our tax dollars intended (graciously) to help feed and support the people of Darfur are now being essentially wasted. We're paying money to keep a people on the run alive, while supporting the government that is trying to kill them. Hmm....
On being "naive", I don't see that. I see Saudi Arabia destroying Al-Queda while continuing to prop up more fundamentalist groups as long as they support the royal family, as well as continuing to export Wahabbi Islam around the world with violent effect. What are we doing to stop this? I can talk about countless other examples of us not paying attention, not doing enough, not realizing the danger, etc etc. Of course a kerry admin. would have been far worse, but we need a better strategic vision than this. Winning In Iraq and Afghanistan is fantastic, but just battles in a long hard war against militant Islam. As we let militant Islam spread into places like Nigeria, thrive in Sudan and reassemble in places like Saudi and Pakistan (among the general populace no less), we endanger ourselves. I'm not demanding invasions but we should do more, especially in assisting those under direct attack from the jihadists, like the people in Southern Sudan and Darfur. We don't have to send American troops en masse but we can help train, equip and support them in the future. We're all in the same fight for our lives, in this case its just them dying instead of us at the hands of jihad. Posted by: Eddie Beaver at May 7, 2005 06:34 PM | Permalink to this commentEddie, Yes, I suppose we could do more - and I certainly wish we would - but I'm not there making the decisions, and I have to believe they deals they're cutting aren't for their own sake, but as part of a larger strategy for winning the larger war. So maybe naive is too strong a term, but I do believe they are fighting this the best way they know how. Posted by: Tim at May 7, 2005 08:09 PM | Permalink to this commentMaybe I'm a warmonger in my thinking but I'm kind of surprised the Egyptians didn't use Darfur as a pretext to take over Sudan and it's oil wealth. It's not like there isn't a history of Arab on Arab war (Libya vs Chad, Iraq vs Kuwait) and lack of actual resources is something Egypt cries about a lot and a Humanitarian move would have given them all the cover they needed. To be honest I'm still scratching my head why Egypt didn't smash the crap out of Quadaffi and take his oil in the name of some quasi United Arab Republic. Egypt has the population and even during the cold war had a sort of balancing act going so they could have politically gotten away with it The only real answer is that even with decades of peace the Egyptians just can't take their eyes of of Israel. Posted by: rjschwarz at May 8, 2005 02:40 PM | Permalink to this commentKeep in mind that Arab regimes mistreat their own people to such an extent that it would threaten their home stability to go out saving others. Holding Islam responsible is a mistake, it is more human nature and the natures of dictatorships to keep their press from reporting on human rights atrocities (unless it serves their own purposes, ie Israel). Also realize that America has a very large influence on Arab policy, as in we could almost dictate it, if we had the will. Not only are the majority of Arab regimes upheld through oil revenue, of which which we are the principle source, but Egypt also receives the second largest amount of US foreign aid behind Israel (not including Iraq/Afghanistan). Thus, we, as the powerful democracy, are the people who should take action, however cautious, against both Sudan and these various Arab oil states. Posted by: William at May 8, 2005 04:46 PM | Permalink to this commentEddie, if the bill never got out of committee, then perhaps you can explain why you are blaming the White House. You should have learned in fifth grade (or earlier) that the Congress and White House are seperate entities. I suppose its possible that you mean that the WH was manipulating the Congress thru Eeevil Karl Rove Mind Rayz, but if so you haven't bothered to even allege it, much less prove it. If any of the above confuses you, ask a teacher or your daddy. Posted by: Ryan Waxx at May 9, 2005 02:48 PM | Permalink to this commentNM, I reread and do see the allegation (though it is behind a dead link). Posted by: Ryan Waxx at May 9, 2005 02:54 PM | Permalink to this commentI read your 'proof', Eddie. The heavily Left-leaning Prospect is basing it on a letter they allegedly have but won't publish, and an unnamed source that won't even confirm the information, just reports a RUMOR: "We are hearing that House Republicans will try to pull it out of conference," Well, I 'heard' that someone on this thread is trying to shove doggie doo down readers' throats. How do ya respond to that ironclad evidence, Eddie? Posted by: Ryan Waxx at May 9, 2005 03:01 PM | Permalink to this commentEddie Beaver - Concerning Darfur: your missing a big piece of the puzzle. There is tremendous political will in the US to solve issues in Sudan. Christian groups within the United Sates where specifically concerned with stopping the use of slavery and war against the Sudanese Christians in the south. To this effect, Pres Bush was able to negotiate a cease fire and a peace treaty. It is unlikely that these groups are willing to sacrifice the Christians in the south to save the Muslims in the west. Baring a US military invasion, it really does seem like an either / or choice. Posted by: james at May 9, 2005 07:01 PM | Permalink to this commentEddie, William, "Holding Islam responsible is a mistake," The Islamic religious leaders are not clamoring for intervention, unless I have been missing something. So I think that you can hold Islam responsible, to a significant degree. Posted by: exhelodrvr at May 9, 2005 08:20 PM | Permalink to this commentI must say that although I do not wholly agree with the post, it was great all the less and this is a really important conversation to be having. Ryan Waxx, Exhelodrvr, 1- Where did I ask for thousands of ground troops and dozens of aircraft? No one has asked for that, not the leading senators, activists or op-ed writers. 3- Yes it would be bad for PR. So yea, it would probably never happen. I submit it for debate and discussion. At some point though (as in Iraq), we have to quit worrying about world opinion and just do the right thing. ... I would personally hope that Pres. Bush would do a Reaganesque move... arm and train the rebels, who are the closest thing to freedom fighters we'll find in Sudan. We should not let the jihadists crush them and their people. Posted by: Eddie Beaver at May 11, 2005 12:49 AM | Permalink to this commentJames, Eddie, From a PR standpoint, I was referring to how it would be used against us by other Muslim entities during our struggle against terrorism. PR is huge in that arena, and we have not done a good job in that aspect yet. And like it or not, American security (in this case, that means our involvement in the WOT) takes precedence. If we couldn't get involvement from the U.N./NATO to oust a butcher like Saddam, there is no way that we would be able to get involvement in this issue. That means that we would need to do it on our own, and we don't have the resources to do it properly at this point. And doing that type of thing half-assed almost always ends up being worse than not doing it at all. And when we act without allies, there are potential long-term consequences that may impact when we will need them more. In this case, absent some easily bombed, identifiable, high-value janjaweed target, we are better off not doing this on our own. I am sure that the President would be willing to provide some amount of limited air support in conjunction with other nations involvement. Posted by: exhelodrvr at May 11, 2005 01:25 AM | Permalink to this commentExhelodrvr, I realize that, which is why we have to be even more careful about committing ourselves to actions like this. Because the former allies/partners are not held together by the threat of the Soviets, they are not necessarily going to automatically back us if we think it necessary to do something like this. We have seen that in Iraq. And that lack of backing can potentially have long-term consequences, which might cause more problems in Africa/the MidEast than this action solves. The world is a much more complex beast since 1989. Posted by: exhelodrvr at May 11, 2005 11:46 PM | Permalink to this comment |
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